MLB Statcast - Event Tracking Metrics

Opportunity Time (_z0)

Batting

Seconds

The time from pitch release to the batted ball's return to ground level (z0).

Exit Velocity

Batting

MPH

The speed of a batted ball immediately after bat-on-ball contact.

Batted Ball Travel Time (_z0)

Batting

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact until its return to ground level (z0).

Launch Angle

Batting

Degrees

The angle formed by the initial hit trajectory above or below the level xy-plane.

Hit Type

Batting

String

Trajectory (grounder, line drive, fly ball, pop up) based on average launch trajectory for all batted balls.

Barreled Ball

Batting

String

The classification assigned to a batted ball when comparable batted balls (in terms of exit velocity and launch angle) have historically led to a minimum .500 batting average and 1.500 slugging percentage.

Spin Axis Octants

Batting

String

A categorization of the orientation of the batted ball's revolutions.

Hit Launch Direction

Batting

Degrees

The angle formed by the initial hit trajectory to the left or the right of the level yz-plane.

Projected Hit Distance

Batting

Feet

The projected distance from the tip of home plate to the hypothetical landing point at ground level (z0) on over-the-fence home runs.

Hang Time

Batting

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact to the batted ball's first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder.

Exit Velocity

Batting

MPH

The speed of a batted ball immediately after bat-on-ball contact.

Launch Vector

Batting

String

The initial hit trajectory on the xy-plane, classified into one of five equally divided sections of fair territory: dead pull, pull, straightaway, opposite field, or extreme opposite field.

Launch Angle

Batting

Degrees

The angle formed by the initial hit trajectory above or below the level xy-plane.

Hang Time

Batting

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact to the batted ball's first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder.

Home Run Trot

Batting

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact to when the batter reaches home plate on a home run.

Hit Distance

Batting

Feet

The distance from the tip of home plate to the batted ball's first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder.

Projected Hit Distance

Batting

Feet

The projected distance from the tip of home plate to the hypothetical landing point at ground level (z=0) on over-the-fence home runs.

Hit Type

Batting

String

Trajectory (grounder, line drive, fly ball, pop up) based on average launch trajectory for all batted balls.

Max Height

Batting

Feet

The measured height (or projected height when not measured) of the batted ball at the apex of the trajectory.

Estimated Generated Velocity

Batting

MPH

An estimate of the amount of a hit's exit velocity was generated by the force imparted on the ball by the batter's swing.

Estimated Swing Speed

Batting

MPH

An estimate of the speed of the bat at bat-on-ball contact based on the incoming pitch speed and the outgoing exit velocity.

Hit Travel Time

Batting

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact to contact by a fielder on any batted ball.

Hit Travel Distance

Batting

Feet

The distance covered by the ball from bat-on-ball contact to contact by a fielder on any batted ball.

Hit Spin Rate

Batting

RPM

The total rate of rotation of the batted ball immediately after contact.

Hit Spin Angle

Batting

Degrees

The angle that describes the active spin axis of the batted ball, which lies in the plane transverse to the ball's velocity and it reflects how the spin will influence the ball trajectory.

Pure back-spin is 180 degrees, pure side-spin that pulls the ball to the 1B side is 90 degrees, pure side-spin that pulls the ball to the 3B side is 270 degrees, and pure top-spin is 0 or 360 degrees.

Barreled Ball

Batting

String

The classification assigned to a batted ball when comparable batted balls (in terms of exit velocity and launch angle) have historically led to a minimum .500 batting average and 1.500 slugging percentage.

Hit Trajectory

Batting

JSON

The position of the ball from the bat-on-ball contact in 0.5-second intervals until the batted ball's first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder.

Spin Axis Octants

Batting

String

A categorization of the orientation of the batted ball's revolutions.

Batted Ball Travel Time (_z0)

Batting

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact until its return to ground level (z = 0).

Batted Ball Travel Time (_z8)

Batting

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact until its return to eight feet above ground level (z = 8).

Batted Ball Travel Time (_zi)

Batting

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact until the batted ball's first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder.

Batted Ball Travel Time (_zf)

Batting

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact until the batted ball is fielded or otherwise comes to a stop.

Opportunity Time (_z0)

Batting

Seconds

The time from pitch release to the batted ball's return to ground level (z = 0).

Opportunity Time (_z8)

Batting

Seconds

The time from pitch release until the batted ball's return to eight feet above ground level (z = 8).

Opportunity Time (_zi)

Batting

Seconds

The time from pitch release until the batted ball's first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder.

Opportunity Time (_zi)

Batting

Seconds

The time from pitch release until the batted ball's first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder.

Projected Landing Position

Batting

JSON

The point on the batted ball's trajectory corresponding to ground level (z = 0).

Batted Ball Travel Distance (_z0)

Batting

Feet

The distance from the ball's position at bat-on-ball contact to the batted ball's position upon its return to ground level (z = 0).

Batted Ball Travel Distance (_z8)

Batting

Feet

The distance from the ball's position at bat-on-ball contact to the ball's position upon its return to eight feet above ground level (z = 8).

Batted Ball Travel Distance (_zi)

Batting

Feet

The distance from the ball's position at bat-on-ball contact to its position at first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder.

Batted Ball Travel Distance (_zf)

Batting

Feet

The distance from the ball's position at bat-on-ball contact to its position when the ball is fielded or otherwise comes to a stop.

Hit Launch Direction

Batting

Degrees

The angle formed by the initial hit trajectory to the left or the right of the level yz-plane.

Ball Height at the Fence

Batting

Feet

The height of the ball as it crosses the vertical plane of the fence.

Projected Distance of Ball From Fence

Batting

Feet

The straight line distance between the projected landing position of the batted ball and the top of the fence at the same bearing.

Wall Ball Classification

Batting

Feet

A classification of a batted ball's projected contact with an outfield wall, either Unplayable (more than eight feet up on the wall) or Playable (less than eight feet up on the wall or within eight feet short of the base of the wall).

Hit Tracking Percentage

Batting

Pct (%)

The ratio of the last measured distance of the batted ball to the projected landing distance.

Hit Landing Bearing

Batting

Degrees

Angle between home plate and where the ball landed.

Attack Angle

Batting

Degrees

The angle of the bat’s path, at impact, relative to horizontal. A negative value represents swinging downward, a positive value upward.

Bat Speed

Batting

MPH

The speed of the sweet spot right before contact.

Distance from Sweet Spot

Batting

Inches

Distance of the shortest straight line from the ball's impact point to the sweet spot's edge.

Sweet spot is defined by an oval of the equation 0.18(x+0.844)^2 + 13.97(y)^2 = 1, where x is the axial offset, y is the radial offset, and x=0, y=0 is the sweet spot given by Hawk-Eye. Impact points within the sweet spot oval have a value of 0.

Sword

Batting

Boolean

Identifies a swing and miss as a “sword ” when the bat tracking data meets a set of criteria that indicate a slow and incomplete swing.

A swing event will qualify as a sword (metric_value = “1”) if all of the below are true:

1. Is a swinging strike and no contact is made.
2. The maximum swing speed is in the 10th percentile of all swing speeds.
3. The bat speed falls below 20 mph in any of the final 10 frames collected (swing incomplete).
4. The bat head does not return back through the y=2 ft plane (swing incomplete).

Swing Length

Batting

Feet

The swing length for any tracked swing. Swing length is the total distance traveled by the bat sweet spot across all tracked frames prior to impact time and is reported in feet.

Hit Probability

Batting

Pct (%)

The likelihood that a batted ball will be a hit.

Home Run in X Ballparks

Batting

Number

The number of parks that the batted ball would have been a homerun.

Expected Slugging

Batting

Pct (%)

Expected number of total bases for this batted ball, based on the probability of each event (single, double, triple home run) occurring given the batted ball’s exit velocity, launch angle and, on certain types of batted balls, Sprint Speed.

Expected wOBA

Batting

Pct (%)

Expected weighted on base average for this batted ball, based on the adjusted run expectancy of each batting event (single, double, triple, home run) times the probability of each event occurring given the batted ball’s exit velocity, launch angle and, on certain types of batted balls, Sprint Speed.

Plate Time (_yi)

Pitching

Seconds

Time from pitch release until bat-on-ball contact.

Perceived Pitch Velocity

Pitching

MPH

The speed of the pitch at release adjusted for the relative amount of time between pitch release and plate crossing. Perceived velocity (mph) (1/0.96)(60.5 ft-1.417ft - ) /[( (1.467 ft/sec per mph)]

Plate Time (_y0)

Pitching

Seconds

Time from pitch release until the pitched ball is projected to reach the back tip of home plate (the y0 plane).

Spin Rate

Pitching

RPM

The total rate of rotation of the ball during the pitch's flight.

Vertical Break

Pitching

Feet

The vertical (z) distance between the position of the pitched ball at the front of home plate and the position the ball would have crossed at the front of home plate if it had moved on a straight line following its release trajectory.

Inferred Sidespin Rate

Pitching

RPM

The rate of rotation of the pitched ball around the vertical axis.

Inferred Backspin Rate

Pitching

RPM

The rate of rotation of the pitched ball around the horizontal axis (in the same orientation of a line between 1st and 3rd).

Regular Speed

Pitching

MPH

The speed of a pitch at release.

Plate Time (_y17)

Pitching

Seconds

Time from pitch release until the ball is projected to reach the front on home plate (the y17 inches plane).

Revolutions Hand to Plate

Pitching

Revolutions

The number of revolutions of the ball between the pitcher's release point and when it crosses the front of home plate.

Extension

Pitching

Feet

The distance from the pitching rubber to release point in the y-direction (from rubber to home plate).

Attack Zones

Pitching

Category

The categorical zone of the pitch's location at plate crossing based on the distance between its position at the front of home plate and the center of the batter's relative strike zone. These zones (from closest to farthest) are Heart Of Plate, Shadow Zone, Chase Zone, or OZone.

Inferred Gyrospin Rate

Pitching

RPM

The rate of rotation of the pitched ball about the direction it is moving.

Horizontal Break

Pitching

Feet

The horizontal (x) distance between the position of the pitched ball at the front of home plate and the position the ball would have crossed at the front of home plate if it had moved on a straight line following its release trajectory.

Spin Rate

Pitching

RPM

The total rate of rotation of the ball during the pitch's flight.

Extension

Pitching

Feet

The distance from the pitching rubber to release point in the y-direction (from rubber to home plate).

Regular Speed

Pitching

MPH

The speed of a pitch at release.

Pitcher Release

Pitching

Seconds

The time from pitcher's first movement to release point of the pitch.

Perceived Pitch Velocity

Pitching

MPH

The speed of the pitch at release adjusted for the relative amount of time between pitch release and plate crossing.

Perceived velocity (mph) = (1/0.96)(60.5 ft-1.417ft - ) /[( (1.467 ft/sec per mph)]

Pitching Position

Pitching

String

The position the pitcher is using when making a pitch (windup or stretch).

Spin Angle

Pitching

Degrees

The angle that describes the active spin
axis of the pitched ball, which lies in the plane transverse to the ball's velocity and it reflects how the spin will influence the ball trajectory.

Pure back-spin is 180 degrees, pure side-spin that pulls the ball to the 1B side is 90 degrees, pure side-spin that pulls the ball to the 3B side is 270 degrees, and pure top-spin is 0 or 360 degrees.

Plate Time (_y0)

Pitching

Seconds

Time from pitch release until the pitched ball is projected to reach the back tip of home plate (the y = 0 plane).

Plate Time (_y17)

Pitching

Seconds

Time from pitch release until the ball is projected to reach the front on home plate (the y = 17 inches plane).

Plate Time (_yi)

Pitching

Seconds

Time from pitch release until bat-on-ball contact.

Distance to Catcher's Mitt

Pitching

Feet

The distance from the mitt position (estimated as the catcher's center-of-mass position at pitch release plus 2 feet in the positive y and z directions) to the point on the pitch's trajectory where it crosses the mitt position y and z coordinates.

Vertical Break

Pitching

Feet

The vertical (z) distance between the position of the pitched ball at the front of home plate and the position the ball would have crossed at the front of home plate if it had moved on a straight line following its release trajectory.

Vertical Break Induced

Pitching

Feet

The vertical (z) distance between the position of the pitched ball at the front of home plate and the position the ball would have crossed at the front plate if it had continued on its release trajectory with only the force of gravity acting upon it.

Horizontal Break

Pitching

Feet

The horizontal (x) distance between the position of the pitched ball at the front of home plate and the position the ball would have crossed at the front of home plate if it had moved on a straight line following its release trajectory.

Plate Speed

Pitching

MPH

The speed of the ball as it crosses the front of home plate.

Pitch Launch Direction

Pitching

Degrees

The angle formed by the initial pitch trajectory to the left or the right of the level yz-plane.

Pitch Launch Angle

Pitching

Degrees

The angle formed by the initial pitch trajectory above or below the level xy-plane.

Revolutions Hand To Plate

Pitching

Revolutions

The number of revolutions of the ball between the pitcher's release point and when it crosses the front of home plate.

Inferred Backspin Rate

Pitching

RPM

The rate of rotation of the pitched ball around the horizontal axis (in the same orientation of a line between 1st and 3rd).

Inferred Sidespin Rate

Pitching

RPM

The rate of rotation of the pitched ball around the vertical axis.

Inferred Gyrospin Rate

Pitching

RPM

The rate of rotation of the pitched ball about the direction it is moving.

Relative Strike Zone Location

Pitching

Inches

The distance between the location of the ball as it crosses home plate and the center of the strike zone.

Relative Strike Zone Location X

Pitching

Pct (%)

The ratio of the distance (in the horizontal direction) between the location of the ball as it crosses home plate and the center of the strike zone, divided by the horizontal edge of the strike zone. -100% would be a ball that crosses at the left edge of the zone, 0% would be a ball that crosses over the center, 100% would be a ball that crosses at the right edge of the zone.

Relative Strike Zone Location Z

Pitching

Pct (%)

The ratio of the distance (in the vertical direction) of the ball from the center of the batter's relative strike zone as it crosses it divided by the vertical edge of the strike zone. -100% would be a ball that crosses at the bottom of the zone, 0% would be a ball that crosses over the center, 100% would be a ball that crosses at top of the zone.

Attack Zones

Pitching

Category

The categorical zone of the pitch's location at plate crossing based on the distance between its position at the front of home plate and the center of the batter's relative strike zone. These zones (from closest to farthest) are Heart Of Plate, Shadow Zone, Chase Zone, or OZone.

Plate Location X

Pitching

Feet

Location of the pitched ball at the front of home plate in the horizontal plane, negative values are toward third base, positive values toward first base.

Plate Location Y

Pitching

Feet

Location of the pitched ball at the front of home plate in the vertical plane, with 0 being the back tip of home plate and positive numbers in the upward direction.

Active Spin Angle

Pitching

Degrees

The calculated spin angle of the pitched ball based off its measured sidespin and backspin.

The formula is DEGREES(ATAN2(backspin,-sidespin))+18 0.

Backspin

Pitching

RPM

The rate of rotation of the pitched ball around the horizontal axis (in the same orientation of a line between 1st and 3rd).

Sidespin

Pitching

RPM

The rate of rotation of the pitched ball around the vertical axis.

Gyrospin

Pitching

RPM

The rate of rotation of the pitched ball about the direction it is moving.

Intended Pitch Location

Pitching

Feet

An approximation of the position of the catcher’s mitt at the time of pitch release, estimated as the catcher's center-of-mass position at pitch release plus 2 feet in the positive y and z directions.

Throw Distance

Fielders (C)

Feet

The distance a thrown ball travels until it is caught or first contacts the ground.

Pick-Off Steal Exchange

Fielders (C)

Seconds

The time from the catcher receiving the pitch to releasing the throw on all pick-off throws and steal attempts.

Exchange Distance

Fielders (C)

Feet

The distance covered by the fielder between the ball reaching the fielder's glove and the release point of the subsequent throw.

Fielder Routing Distance

Fielders (C)

Feet

The difference between the total distance covered by the fielder during the first three seconds after pitch release minus the distance between where the fielder was at pitch release and where he was three seconds later.

Fielder Burst Distance

Fielders (C)

Feet

The distance covered by the fielder between 1.5 and 3.0 seconds after pitch release.

Throw Distance with Bounces

Fielders (C)

Feet

Total distance the ball was thrown by fielder, including bounces.

Pop Time

Fielders (C)

Seconds

The time from the pitch reaching the catcher's glove to the subsequent throw reaching the fielder's glove at the intended base on all pick-off throws and steal attempts.

Fielder Reaction Distance

Fielders (C)

Feet

The distance covered by the fielder during the first 1.5 seconds after pitch release.

Arm Strength

Fielders (C)

MPH

The maximum speed of a throw made by a fielder.

Exchange

Fielders (C)

Seconds

The time from the ball reaching the fielder's glove to the release point of the subsequent throw.

Distance Covered

Fielders (C)

Feet

The distance covered by a fielder in the time between batted ball contact and the batted ball's first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder. Requires a HIT_WAS_FIELDED or BALL_WAS_CAUGHT event associated with the fielder.

Speed in the Last Seconds

Fielders (C)

JSON

An array listing the baserunner's average speed over multiple intervals of the last N seconds before reaching the next base.

Pop Time

Fielders (IF)

Seconds

The time from the pitch reaching the catcher's glove to the subsequent throw reaching the fielder's glove at the intended base on all pick-off throws and steal attempts.

Throw Distance

Fielders (IF)

Feet

The distance a thrown ball travels until it is caught or first contacts the ground.

Fielder Burst Distance

Fielders (IF)

Feet

The distance covered by the fielder between 1.5 and 3.0 seconds after pitch release.

Exchange Distance

Fielders (IF)

Feet

The distance covered by the fielder between the ball reaching the fielder's glove and the release point of the subsequent throw.

Speed in the Last Seconds

Fielders (IF)

JSON

An array listing the baserunner's average speed over multiple intervals of the last N seconds before reaching the next base.

Sprint Speed

Fielders (IF)

Feet per second

The running speed of a player evaluated over the one-second window in which the player covered the largest distance.

Arm Strength

Fielders (IF)

MPH

The maximum speed of a throw made by a fielder.

Fielding Zone

Fielders (IF)

String

A categorization of fielder responsibility based on the batted ball's location and the hitter's bat side (R/L).

See below for valid fielding zones.

Fielder Reaction Distance

Fielders (IF)

Feet

The distance covered by the fielder during the first 1.5 seconds after pitch release.

Exchange

Fielders (IF)

Seconds

The time from the ball reaching the fielder's glove to the release point of the subsequent throw.

Distance Covered

Fielders (IF)

Feet

The distance covered by a fielder in the time between batted ball contact and the batted ball's first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder. Requires a HIT_WAS_FIELDED or BALL_WAS_CAUGHT event associated with the fielder.

Fielder Routing Distance

Fielders (IF)

Feet

The difference between the total distance covered by the fielder during the first three seconds after pitch release minus the distance between where the fielder was at pitch release and where he was three seconds later.

Throw Distance with Bounces

Fielders (IF)

Feet

Total distance the ball was thrown by fielder, including bounces.

Route to Sprint Speed

Fielders (IF)

Degrees

The angle of the fielder's route between his position at pitch release and his position when he started his fastest one-second window. 0 degrees is straight in to home plate, and +90 is towards the fielder's right.

Fielder Reaction Distance

Fielders (OF)

Feet

The distance covered by the fielder during the first 1.5 seconds after pitch release.

Fielding Zone

Fielders (OF)

String

A categorization of fielder responsibility based on the batted ball's location and the hitter's bat side (R/L).

See below for valid fielding zones.

Outfielder Distance to Fence

Fielders (OF)

Feet

The distance an outfielder is from the closest point of the outfield fence at the start of the play.

Distance Covered

Fielders (OF)

Feet

The distance covered by a fielder in the time between batted ball contact and the batted ball's first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder. Requires a HIT_WAS_FIELDED or BALL_WAS_CAUGHT event associated with the fielder.

Pop Time

Fielders (OF)

Seconds

The time from the pitch reaching the catcher's glove to the subsequent throw reaching the fielder's glove at the intended base on all pick-off throws and steal attempts.

Exchange

Fielders (OF)

Seconds

The time from the ball reaching the fielder's glove to the release point of the subsequent throw.

Throw Distance with Bounces

Fielders (OF)

Feet

Total distance the ball was thrown by fielder, including bounces.

Throw Distance

Fielders (OF)

Feet

The distance a thrown ball travels until it is caught or first contacts the ground.

Exchange Distance

Fielders (OF)

Feet

The distance covered by the fielder between the ball reaching the fielder's glove and the release point of the subsequent throw.

Fielder Routing Distance

Fielders (OF)

Feet

The difference between the total distance covered by the fielder during the first three seconds after pitch release minus the distance between where the fielder was at pitch release and where he was three seconds later.

Speed in the Last Seconds

Fielders (OF)

JSON

An array listing the baserunner's average speed over multiple intervals of the last N seconds before reaching the next base.

Route to Sprint Speed

Fielders (OF)

Degrees

The angle of the fielder's route between his position at pitch release and his position when he started his fastest one-second window. 0 degrees is straight in to home plate, and +90 is towards the fielder's right.

Arm Strength

Fielders (OF)

MPH

The maximum speed of a throw made by a fielder.

Fielder Burst Distance

Fielders (OF)

Feet

The distance covered by the fielder between 1.5 and 3.0 seconds after pitch release.

Sprint Speed

Fielders (OF)

Feet per second

The running speed of a player evaluated over the one-second window in which the player covered the largest distance.

Exchange Distance

Fielders (P)

Feet

The distance covered by the fielder between the ball reaching the fielder's glove and the release point of the subsequent throw.

Distance Covered

Fielders (P)

Feet

The distance covered by a fielder in the time between batted ball contact and the batted ball's first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder. Requires a HIT_WAS_FIELDED or BALL_WAS_CAUGHT event associated with the fielder.

Exchange

Fielders (P)

Seconds

The time from the ball reaching the fielder's glove to the release point of the subsequent throw.

Route to Sprint Speed

Fielders (P)

Degrees

The angle of the fielder's route between his position at pitch release and his position when he started his fastest one-second window. 0 degrees is straight in to home plate, and +90 is towards the fielder's right.

Fielder Routing Distance

Fielders (P)

Feet

The difference between the total distance covered by the fielder during the first three seconds after pitch release minus the distance between where the fielder was at pitch release and where he was three seconds later.

Throw Distance

Fielders (P)

Feet

The distance a thrown ball travels until it is caught or first contacts the ground.

Speed in the Last Seconds

Fielders (P)

JSON

An array listing the baserunner's average speed over multiple intervals of the last N seconds before reaching the next base.

Throw Distance with Bounces

Fielders (P)

Feet

Total distance the ball was thrown by fielder, including bounces.

Arm Strength

Fielders (P)

MPH

The maximum speed of a throw made by a fielder.

Fielder Burst Distance

Fielders (P)

Feet

The distance covered by the fielder between 1.5 and 3.0 seconds after pitch release.

Fielder Reaction Distance

Fielders (P)

Feet

The distance covered by the fielder during the first 1.5 seconds after pitch release.

Sprint Speed

Fielders (P)

Feet per second

The running speed of a player evaluated over the one-second window in which the player covered the largest distance.

Arm Strength

Fielding

MPH

The maximum speed of a throw made by a fielder.

First Step Efficiency

Fielding (IF / OF)

Degrees

The angle of fielder deviation from a straight line to the ball's landing point. The calculation is based on the direction of the player's movement after three feet (roughly the first stride in a direction).

Distance Covered

Fielding
(C / P / IF / OF)

Feet

The distance covered by a fielder in the time between batted ball contact and the batted ball's first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder.

Exchange

Fielding
(C / P / IF / OF)

Seconds

The time from the ball reaching the fielder's glove to the release point of the subsequent throw.

Pick-Off Steal Exchange

Fielding (C)

Seconds

The time from the catcher receiving the pitch to releasing the throw on all pick-off throws and steal attempts.

Pop Time

Fielding (C)

Seconds

The time from the pitch reaching the catcher's glove to the subsequent throw reaching the fielder's glove at the intended base on all pick-off throws and steal attempts.

Throwing Accuracy

Fielding (IF / OF)

Feet

The distance between the center of the target base at 3 inches above ground level and path of throw as it crosses the base.

Throw Distance

Fielding (C / P / IF / OF)

Feet

The distance a thrown ball travels until it is caught or first contacts the ground.

Distance from Ball Landing

Fielding (OF)

Feet

The distance from the outfielder's position at the time the ball lands and the ball's landing position.

Projected Distance from Ball Landing

Fielding (IF / OF)

Feet

The distance from the fielder's position at the time of bat-on-ball contact and the ball's landing position.

Angle to where the Ball Landed

Fielding (OF)

Feet

The direction between the player's position at the time of bat-on-ball contact and the ball's landing position. The measurement is relative to a straight line from the player's current location to the tip of home plate, and goes clockwise in the positive direction.

Angle to where the Ball was Caught

Fielding (OF)

Feet

The direction between the player's position at the time of bat-on-ball contact and the position of the ball when first fielded. The measurement is relative to a straight line from the player's current location to the tip of home plate, and goes clockwise in the positive direction.

Start Player Position

Fielding
(C / P / IF / OF)

Feet

The distance between the fielder and the back tip of home plate at pitch release.

End Player Position

Fielding
(C / P / IF / OF)

Feet

The distance between the back tip of home plate and the fielder's position upon the batted ball's first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder.

Start Player Angle

Fielding
(C / P / IF / OF)

Degrees

The angle between the vector from the home plate to 2nd base and the vector from home plate to the fielder's position at pitch release.

End Player Angle

Fielding
(C / P / IF / OF)

Degrees

The angle between the vector from the home plate to 2nd base and the vector from home plate to the fielder's position upon the batted ball's first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder.

Shift Classification

Fielding (IF / OF)

String

A categorization of extreme fielder alignments.

See below for full shift definitions .

Fielding Zone

Fielding (IF / OF)

String

A categorization of fielder responsibility based on the batted ball's location and the hitter's bat side (R/L).

See below for valid fielding zones .

Infielder Out-of-position Code

Fielding (IF)

String

A value from 0 to 15 indicating which infielders (if any) are designated out-of-position.

See valid codes in appendix below.

Infielder Out-of-position Code

Fielding (OF)

String

A value from 0 to 7 indicating which outfielders (if any) are designated out-of-position.

See valid codes in appendix below.

Distance Covered Breakdown

Fielding (OF)

JSON

An array of times in which an outfielder traveled a given distance after bat-on-ball contact.

Outfielder Distance to Fence

Fielding (OF)

Feet

The distance an outfielder is from the closest point of the outfield fence at the start of the play.

Sprint Speed

Fielding
(IF / OF / P / C)

Feet per second

The running speed of a player evaluated over the one-second window in which the player covered the largest distance.

Startup Time

Fielding (IF / OF)

Seconds

The additional time required by the player to reach his top one-second speed, as compared to the time it would have taken to cover the same ground at his top one-second speed.

Total Distance Covered

Fielding
(C / P / IF / OF)

Feet

Total distance in feet covered by fielder on a play.

Route to Sprint Speed

Fielding (IF / OF)

Degrees

The angle of the fielder's route between his position at pitch release and his position when he started his fastest one-second window. 0 degrees is straight in to home plate, and +90 is towards the fielder's right.

Exchange Distance

Fielding
(C / P / IF / OF)

Feet

The distance covered by the fielder between the ball reaching the fielder's glove and the release point of the subsequent throw.

Fielder Burst Distance

Fielding (IF / OF)

Feet

The distance covered by the fielder between 1.5 and 3.0 seconds after pitch release.

Fielder Reaction Distance

Fielding (IF / OF)

Feet

The distance covered by the fielder during the first 1.5 seconds after pitch release.

Fielder Routing Distance

Fielding (IF / OF)

Feet

The difference between the total distance covered by the fielder during the first three seconds after pitch release minus the distance between where the fielder was at pitch release and where he was three seconds later.

Throw Distance with Bounces

Fielding
(C / P / IF / OF)

Feet

Total distance the ball was thrown by a fielder, including bounces.

Intercept Batted Ball

Fielding (IF / OF)

Category

An array of data about the point of intersection between the player's path and the ball's path (or projected point of intersection if they do not cross)

Fielder Jump Distance

Fielding (IF / OF)

Feet

The distance between where the fielder was at pitch release and where he was three seconds later.

Out Probability

Fielding (OF)

Pct (%)

The likelihood that a batted ball to the outfield will be caught.

Jump

Fielding (OF)

Feet

The fielder’s jump distance relative to the league average for the given play.

Spin Rate

Pitching

RPM

The total rate of rotation of the ball during the pitch's flight.

Extension

Pitching

Feet

The distance from the pitching rubber to release point in the y-direction (from rubber to home plate).

Regular Speed

Pitching

MPH

The speed of a pitch at release.

Exit Velocity

Batting

MPH

The speed of a batted ball immediately after bat-on-ball contact.

Launch Vector

Batting

String

The initial hit trajectory on the xy-plane, classified into one of five equally divided sections of fair territory: dead pull, pull, straightaway, opposite field, or extreme opposite field.

Launch Angle

Batting

Degrees

The angle formed by the initial hit trajectory above or below the level xy-plane.

Pitcher Release

Pitching

Seconds

The time from pitcher's first movement to release point of the pitch.

Lead Distance

Baserunning

Feet

The distance between the base and the runner’s center of mass position at the time the pitcher goes into windup on pitch or pickoff attempt.

Secondary Lead Distance

Baserunning

Feet

The distance between the base and the runner’s center of mass position at any point prior to the pitcher's release of a pitch or pickoff attempt.

Home to First

Baserunning

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact to point where batter-as-runner reaches first base only on infield events (ground outs, infield singles, etc.).

Extra Bases - Home to 2nd

Baserunning

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact to point where batter-as-runner reaches second base.

Extra Bases - Home to 3rd

Baserunning

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact to point where batter-as-runner reaches third base.

Extra Bases - 1st to 3rd

Baserunning

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact to point where the runner who started on first base reaches third base.

Extra Bases - 1st to Home

Baserunning

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact to point where the runner who started on first base reaches home plate.

Extra Bases - 2nd to Home

Baserunning

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact to point where the runner who started on second base reaches home plate.

Arm Strength

Fielding

MPH

The maximum speed of a throw made by a fielder.

First step (stealing)

Baserunning

Seconds

The time from pitcher's first movement to runner’s first movement towards next base on a steal attempt.

First Step Efficiency

Fielding (IF / OF)

Degrees

The angle of fielder deviation from a straight line to the ball's landing point. The calculation is based on the direction of the player's movement after three feet (roughly the first stride in a direction).

Distance Covered

Fielding
(C / P / IF / OF)

Feet

The distance covered by a fielder in the time between batted ball contact and the batted ball's first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder.

Exchange

Fielding
(C / P / IF / OF)

Seconds

The time from the ball reaching the fielder's glove to the release point of the subsequent throw.

Pick-Off Steal Exchange

Fielding (C)

Seconds

The time from the catcher receiving the pitch to releasing the throw on all pick-off throws and steal attempts.

Pop Time

Fielding (C)

Seconds

The time from the pitch reaching the catcher's glove to the subsequent throw reaching the fielder's glove at the intended base on all pick-off throws and steal attempts.

Hang Time

Batting

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact to the batted ball's first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder.

Perceived Pitch Velocity

Pitching

MPH

The speed of the pitch at release adjusted for the relative amount of time between pitch release and plate crossing.

Perceived velocity (mph) = (1/0.96)(60.5 ft-1.417ft - ) /[( (1.467 ft/sec per mph)]

Home Run Trot

Batting

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact to when the batter reaches home plate on a home run.

Hit Distance

Batting

Feet

The distance from the tip of home plate to the batted ball's first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder.

Projected Hit Distance

Batting

Feet

The projected distance from the tip of home plate to the hypothetical landing point at ground level (z=0) on over-the-fence home runs.

Hit Type

Batting

String

Trajectory (grounder, line drive, fly ball, pop up) based on average launch trajectory for all batted balls.

Throwing Accuracy

Fielding (IF / OF)

Feet

The distance between the center of the target base at 3 inches above ground level and path of throw as it crosses the base.

Time to Next Base - 1st to 2nd

Baserunning

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact to the first base runner's arrival at second base on any non-home-run hits.

Time to Next Base - 2nd to 3rd

Baserunning

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact to the second base runner's arrival at third base on any non-home-run hits.

Time to Next Base - 3rd to Home

Baserunning

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact to the third base runner's arrival at home plate on any non-home-run hits.

Throw Distance

Fielding (C / P / IF / OF)

Feet

The distance a thrown ball travels until it is caught or first contacts the ground.

Max Height

Batting

Feet

The measured height (or projected height when not measured) of the batted ball at the apex of the trajectory.

Base Steal Time - 1st to 2nd

Baserunning

Seconds

The time from first movement of the pitcher to when the first base runner reaches second on a steal attempt.

Base Steal Time - 2nd to 3rd

Baserunning

Seconds

The time from first movement of the pitcher to when the second base runner reaches third on a steal attempt.

Base Steal Time - 3rd to Home

Baserunning

Seconds

The time from first movement of the pitcher to when the third base runner reaches home on a steal attempt.

Pitching Position

Pitching

String

The position the pitcher is using when making a pitch (windup or stretch).

Estimated Generated Velocity

Batting

MPH

An estimate of the amount of a hit's exit velocity was generated by the force imparted on the ball by the batter's swing.

Estimated Swing Speed

Batting

MPH

An estimate of the speed of the bat at bat-on-ball contact based on the incoming pitch speed and the outgoing exit velocity.

Hit Travel Time

Batting

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact to contact by a fielder on any batted ball.

Hit Travel Distance

Batting

Feet

The distance covered by the ball from bat-on-ball contact to contact by a fielder on any batted ball.

Distance from Ball Landing

Fielding (OF)

Feet

The distance from the outfielder's position at the time the ball lands and the ball's landing position.

Projected Distance from Ball Landing

Fielding (IF / OF)

Feet

The distance from the fielder's position at the time of bat-on-ball contact and the ball's landing position.

Angle to where the Ball Landed

Fielding (OF)

Feet

The direction between the player's position at the time of bat-on-ball contact and the ball's landing position. The measurement is relative to a straight line from the player's current location to the tip of home plate, and goes clockwise in the positive direction.

Angle to where the Ball was Caught

Fielding (OF)

Degrees

The direction between the player's position at the time of bat-on-ball contact and the position of the ball when first fielded. The measurement is relative to a straight line from the player's current location to the tip of home plate, and goes clockwise in the positive direction.

Time to Next Base on Tag Ups - 1st to 2nd

Baserunning

Seconds

The time from a fielder's catch and the first base runner's arrival at second base after a tag up.

Time to Next Base on Tag Ups - 2nd to 3rd

Baserunning

Seconds

The time from a fielder's catch and the second base runner's arrival at third base after a tag up.

Time to Next Base on Tag Ups - 3rd to Home

Baserunning

Seconds

The time from a fielder's catch and the third base runner's arrival at home after a tag up.

First Step on Tag Ups

Baserunning

Seconds

The time from the fielder's catch to the runner's first movement towards next base after a tag up.

Start Player Position

Fielding
(C / P / IF / OF)

Feet

The distance between the fielder and the back tip of home plate at pitch release.

End Player Position

Fielding
(C / P / IF / OF)

Feet

The distance between the back tip of home plate and the fielder's position upon the batted ball's first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder.

Start Player Angle

Fielding
(C / P / IF / OF)

Degrees

The angle between the vector from the home plate to 2nd base and the vector from home plate to the fielder's position at pitch release.

End Player Angle

Fielding
(C / P / IF / OF)

Degrees

The angle between the vector from the home plate to 2nd base and the vector from home plate to the fielder's position upon the batted ball's first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder.

Hit Spin Rate

Batting

RPM

The total rate of rotation of the batted ball immediately after contact.

Spin Angle

Pitching

Degrees

The angle that describes the active spin
axis of the pitched ball, which lies in the plane transverse to the ball's velocity and it reflects how the spin will influence the ball trajectory.

Pure back-spin is 180 degrees, pure side-spin that pulls the ball to the 1B side is 90 degrees, pure side-spin that pulls the ball to the 3B side is 270 degrees, and pure top-spin is 0 or 360 degrees.

Hit Spin Angle

Batting

Degrees

The angle that describes the active spin axis of the batted ball, which lies in the plane transverse to the ball's velocity and it reflects how the spin will influence the ball trajectory.

Pure back-spin is 180 degrees, pure side-spin that pulls the ball to the 1B side is 90 degrees, pure side-spin that pulls the ball to the 3B side is 270 degrees, and pure top-spin is 0 or 360 degrees

Shift Classification

Fielding (IF / OF)

String

A categorization of extreme fielder alignments.

See below for full shift definitions.

Fielding Zone

Fielding (IF / OF)

String

A categorization of fielder responsibility based on the batted ball's location and the hitter's bat side (R/L).

See below for valid fielding zones.

Infielder Out-of-position Code

Fielding (IF)

String

A value from 0 to 15 indicating which infielders (if any) are designated out-of-position.

See valid codes in appendix below.

Infielder Out-of-position Code

Fielding (OF)

String

A value from 0 to 7 indicating which outfielders (if any) are designated out-of-position.

See valid codes in appendix below.

Distance from Base on Throw

Baserunning

Feet

The distance the baserunner is from the next base when the ball is caught at that base for a force out.

Barreled Ball

Batting

String

The classification assigned to a batted ball when comparable batted balls (in terms of exit velocity and launch angle) have historically led to a minimum .500 batting average and 1.500 slugging percentage.

Distance Covered Breakdown

Fielding (OF)

JSON

An array of times in which an outfielder traveled a given distance after bat-on-ball contact.

Outfielder Distance to Fence

Fielding (OF)

Feet

The distance an outfielder is from the closest point of the outfield fence at the start of the play.

Hit Trajectory

Batting

JSON

The position of the ball from the bat-on-ball contact in 0.5-second intervals until the batted ball's first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder.

Projected Distance From Ball Crossing Fence

Fielding (OF)

Feet

The distance from the nearest fielder to the ball at the point that the ball crosses or hits the fence.

Sprint Speed

Fielding
(IF / OF / P / C)

Baserunning

Feet per second

The running speed of a player evaluated over the one-second window in which the player covered the largest distance.

Startup Time

Fielding (IF / OF)

Seconds

The additional time required by the player to reach his top one-second speed, as compared to the time it would have taken to cover the same ground at his top one-second speed.

Baserunner Markers

Baserunning

JSON

An array of a baserunner's positions at various points throughout the play.

Spin Axis Octants

Batting

String

A categorization of the orientation of the batted ball's revolutions.

Speed in the Last Seconds

Baserunning

JSON

An array listing the baserunner's average speed over multiple intervals of the last N seconds before reaching the next base.

Total Distance Covered

Fielding
(C / P / IF / OF)

Feet

Total distance in feet covered by fielder on a play.

Batted Ball Travel Time (_z0)

Batting

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact until its return to ground level (z = 0).

Batted Ball Travel Time (_z8)

Batting

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact until its return to eight feet above ground level (z = 8).

Batted Ball Travel Time (_zi)

Batting

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact until the batted ball's first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder.

Batted Ball Travel Time (_zf)

Batting

Seconds

The time from bat-on-ball contact until the batted ball is fielded or otherwise comes to a stop.

Opportunity Time (_z0)

Batting

Seconds

The time from pitch release to the batted ball's return to ground level (z = 0).

Opportunity Time (_z8)

Batting

Seconds

The time from pitch release until the batted ball's return to eight feet above ground level (z = 8).

Opportunity Time (_zi)

Batting

Seconds

The time from pitch release until the batted ball's first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder.

Opportunity Time (_zi)

Batting

Seconds

The time from pitch release until the batted ball's first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder.

Plate Time (_y0)

Pitching

Seconds

Time from pitch release until the pitched ball is projected to reach the back tip of home plate (the y = 0 plane).

Plate Time (_y17)

Pitching

Seconds

Time from pitch release until the ball is projected to reach the front on home plate (the y = 17 inches plane).

Plate Time (_yi)

Pitching

Seconds

Time from pitch release until bat-on-ball contact.

Projected Landing Position

Batting

JSON

The point on the batted ball's trajectory corresponding to ground level (z = 0).

Distance to Catcher's Mitt

Pitching

Feet

The distance from the mitt position (estimated as the catcher's center-of-mass position at pitch release plus 2 feet in the positive y and z directions) to the point on the pitch's trajectory where it crosses the mitt position y and z coordinates.

Route to Sprint Speed

Fielding (IF / OF)

Degrees

The angle of the fielder's route between his position at pitch release and his position when he started his fastest one-second window. 0 degrees is straight in to home plate, and +90 is towards the fielder's right.

Vertical Break

Pitching

Feet

The vertical (z) distance between the position of the pitched ball at the front of home plate and the position the ball would have crossed at the front of home plate if it had moved on a straight line following its release trajectory.

Vertical Break Induced

Pitching

Feet

The vertical (z) distance between the position of the pitched ball at the front of home plate and the position the ball would have crossed at the front plate if it had continued on its release trajectory with only the force of gravity acting upon it.

Horizontal Break

Pitching

Feet

The horizontal (x) distance between the position of the pitched ball at the front of home plate and the position the ball would have crossed at the front of home plate if it had moved on a straight line following its release trajectory.

Batted Ball Travel Distance (_z0)

Batting

Feet

The distance from the ball's position at bat-on-ball contact to the batted ball's position upon its return to ground level (z = 0).

Batted Ball Travel Distance (_z8)

Batting

Feet

The distance from the ball's position at bat-on-ball contact to the ball's position upon its return to eight feet above ground level (z = 8)

Batted Ball Travel Distance (_zi)

Batting

Feet

The distance from the ball's position at bat-on-ball contact to its position at first contact with the ground, wall, or a fielder.

Batted Ball Travel Distance (_zf)

Batting

Feet

The distance from the ball's position at bat-on-ball contact to its positoin when the ball is fielded or otherwise comes to a stop.

Exchange Distance

Fielding
(C / P / IF / OF)

Feet

The distance covered by the fielder between the ball reaching the fielder's glove and the release point of the subsequent throw.

Plate Speed

Pitching

MPH

The speed of the ball as it crosses the front of home plate.

Pitch Launch Direction

Pitching

Degrees

The angle formed by the initial pitch trajectory to the left or the right of the level yz-plane.

Pitch Launch Angle

Pitching

Degrees

The angle formed by the initial pitch trajectory above or below the level xy-plane.

Hit Launch Direction

Batting

Degrees

The angle formed by the initial hit trajectory to the left or the right of the level yz-plane.

Ball Height at the Fence

Batting

Feet

The height of the ball as it crosses the vertical plane of the fence.

Projected Distance of Ball From Fence

Batting

Feet

The straight line distance between the projected landing position of the batted ball and the top of the fence at the same bearing.

Time out of Batters Box

Baserunning

Feet

The time from bat-on-ball contact to when the batter exits the batter's box.

Wall Ball Classification

Batting

Feet

A classification of a batted ball's projected contact with an outfield wall, either Unplayable (more than eight feet up on the wall) or Playable (less than eight feet up on the wall or within eight feet short of the base of the wall).

Key Step

Baserunning

Seconds

The time it takes for the batter to cover the first three feet towards first base.

Burst

Baserunning

Feet

The distance covered by the batter during the first 1.5 seconds after the first three feet towards first are completed.

Revolutions Hand To Plate

Pitching

Revolutions

The number of revolutions of the ball between the pitcher's release point and when it crosses the front of home plate.

Inferred Backspin Rate

Pitching

RPM

The rate of rotation of the pitched ball around the horizontal axis (in the same orientation of a line between 1st and 3rd).

Inferred Sidespin Rate

Pitching

RPM

The rate of rotation of the pitched ball around the vertical axis.

Inferred Gyrospin Rate

Pitching

RPM

The rate of rotation of the pitched ball about the direction it is moving.

Relative Strike Zone Location

Pitching

Inches

The distance between the location of the ball as it crosses home plate and the center of the strike zone.

Fielder Burst Distance

Fielding (IF / OF)

Feet

The distance covered by the fielder between 1.5 and 3.0 seconds after pitch release.

Fielder Reaction Distance

Fielding (IF / OF)

Feet

The distance covered by the fielder during the first 1.5 seconds after pitch release.

Fielder Routing Distance

Fielding (IF / OF)

Feet

The difference between the total distance covered by the fielder during the first three seconds after pitch release minus the distance between where the fielder was at pitch release and where he was three seconds later.

Relative Strike Zone Location X

Pitching

Pct (%)

The ratio of the distance (in the horizontal direction) between the location of the ball as it crosses home plate and the center of the strike zone, divided by the horizontal edge of the strike zone. -100% would be a ball that crosses at the left edge of the zone, 0% would be a ball that crosses over the center, 100% would be a ball that crosses at the right edge of the zone.

Relative Strike Zone Location Z

Pitching

Pct (%)

The ratio of the distance (in the vertical direction) of the ball from the center of the batter's relative strike zone as it crosses it divided by the vertical edge of the strike zone. -100% would be a ball that crosses at the bottom of the zone, 0% would be a ball that crosses over the center, 100% would be a ball that crosses at top of the zone.

Attack Zones

Pitching

Category

The categorical zone of the pitch's location at plate crossing based on the distance between its position at the front of home plate and the center of the batter's relative strike zone. These zones (from closest to farthest) are Heart Of Plate, Shadow Zone, Chase Zone, or OZone.

Throw Distance with Bounces

Fielding
(C / P / IF / OF)

Feet

Total distance the ball was thrown by a fielder, including bounces.

Intercept Batted Ball

Fielding (IF / OF)

Category

An array of data about the point of intersection between the player's path and the ball's path (or projected point of intersection if they do not cross)

Hit Tracking Percentage

Batting

Pct (%)

The ratio of the last measured distance of the batted ball to the projected landing distance.

Fielder Jump Distance

Fielding (IF / OF)

Feet

The distance between where the fielder was at pitch release and where he was three seconds later.

Plate Location X

Pitching

Feet

Location of the pitched ball at the front of home plate in the horizontal plane, negative values are toward third base, positive values toward first base.

Plate Location Z

Pitching

Feet

Location of the pitched ball at the front of home plate in the vertical plane, with 0 being the back tip of home plate and positive numbers in the upward direction.

Hit Landing Bearing

Batting

Degrees

Angle between home plate and where the ball landed.

Active Spin Angle

Pitching

Degrees

The calculated spin angle of the pitched ball based off its measured sidespin and backspin.

The formula is DEGREES(ATAN2(backspin,-sidespin))+18 0.

Backspin

Pitching

RPM

The rate of rotation of the pitched ball around the horizontal axis (in the same orientation of a line between 1st and 3rd).

Sidespin

Pitching

RPM

The rate of rotation of the pitched ball around the vertical axis.

Gyrospin

Pitching

RPM

The rate of rotation of the pitched ball about the direction it is moving.

Attack Angle

Batting

Degrees

The angle of the bat’s path, at impact, relative to horizontal. A negative value represents swinging downward, a positive value upward.

Bat Speed

Batting

MPH

The speed of the sweet spot right before contact.

Distance from Sweet Spot

Batting

Inches

Distance of the shortest straight line from the ball's impact point to the sweet spot's edge.

Sweet spot is defined by an oval of the equation 0.18(x+0.844)^2 + 13.97(y)^2 = 1, where x is the axial offset, y is the radial offset, and x=0, y=0 is the sweet spot given by Hawk-Eye. Impact points within the sweet spot oval have a value of 0.

Sword

Batting

Boolean

Identifies a swing and miss as a “sword” when the bat tracking data meets a set of criteria that indicate a slow and incomplete swing.

A swing event will qualify as a sword (metric_value = “1”) if all of the below are true:

1. Is a swinging strike and no contact is made.
2. The maximum swing speed is in the 10th percentile of all swing speeds.
3. The bat speed falls below 20 mph in any of the final 10 frames collected (swing incomplete).
4. The bat head does not return back through the y=2 ft plane (swing incomplete).

Swing Length

Batting

Feet

The swing length for any tracked swing. Swing length is the total distance traveled by the bat sweet spot across all tracked frames prior to impact time and is reported in feet.

Out Probability

Fielding (OF)

Pct (%)

The likelihood that a batted ball to the outfield will be caught.

Hit Probability

Batting

Pct (%)

The likelihood that a batted ball will be a hit.

Intended Pitch Location

Pitching

Feet

An approximation of the position of the catcher’s mitt at the time of pitch release, estimated as the catcher's center-of-mass position at pitch release plus 2 feet in the positive y and z directions.

Home Run in X Ballparks

Batting

Number

The number of parks that the batted ball would have been a homerun.

Jump

Fielding (OF)

Feet

The fielder’s jump distance relative to the league average for the given play.

Expected Slugging

Batting

Pct (%)

Expected number of total bases for this batted ball, based on the probability of each event (single, double, triple home run) occurring given the batted ball’s exit velocity, launch angle and, on certain types of batted balls, Sprint Speed.

Expected wOBA

Batting

Pct (%)

Expected weighted on base average for this batted ball, based on the adjusted run expectancy of each batting event (single, double, triple, home run) times the probability of each event occurring given the batted ball’s exit velocity, launch angle and, on certain types of batted balls, Sprint Speed.